Journal of Integrated Pest Management Style Guide
Table of Contents
Overview
Article Type and Journal Sections
Order of Elements
Title Page
Abstract and Key Words
Text
Heading Levels
In-Text Citation
Manufacturers
Acknowledgments
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
References Cited
Tables
Figures
Supplemental Material
Word Use and Grammar
Pesticides
Scientific Names and Nomenclature
Notes on Formatting
Abbreviations
Capitalization
Fig./Figs.
Numbers
Dates
Measurement Units
Percentage vs. %
Per vs. Slash
Commas
Semicolon
Repeating Symbols
Footnotes to the Text
The Journal of Integrated Pest Management (JIPM) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that will publish original extension- and outreach-focused articles, rather than articles based on original research. Because of this focus, articles submitted for publication in JIPM will appear and read very differently from articles found in research journals.
Articles published in JIPM are written primarily for professionals engaged in the practice of integrated pest management, including, but not limited to, crop producers, individuals working in crop protection, retailers, manufacturers and suppliers of pest management products, educators, and pest control operators. Although academics and other scientists will read, appreciate, and cite the articles, the intended readership will be people who typically do not belong to scientific societies and do not have ready access to scientific journals.
Because of this difference in readership, the style of writing for articles submitted to JIPM should be less formulaic and more narrative than much of the scientific writing in research-focused journals.
Article Type and Journal Sections
Articles for JIPM should be written for one of three article categories or sections:
Profiles — Pest biology and ecology profiles
Issues — Emerging IPM issues
Recommendations — Consensus-based pest management recommendations
The respective formats for these types of articles are below.
Insect Biology and Ecology Profiles: Profiles will address pest biology, sampling procedures, and possibly management recommendations.
- Scientific name — Order, family, genus, species (including recent synonyms) and author; and common names. Use ESA approved common names if available. Refer to http://www.entsoc.org/pubs/common_names
- Description of insect stages — Adult, egg, larva or nymph, and pupa (if present)
- Biology — Distribution, life history, ecology, hosts, injury, and potential for economic damage
- Sampling or scouting procedures
- Management options — Cultural control, host plant resistance (including transgenic plants), mechanical control, biological control, and chemical control
Emerging IPM Issues: Issues that influence both the science and practice of IPM (e.g., invasive species, widespread control failures) often arise suddenly and need to be addressed in a timely manner. Emerging IPM issues should be addressed along the following outline to ensure clear understanding of the issue, its impact, and its solutions.
- Statement of the issue and its relevance to production of crops or commodities, to human or animal health and well-being, and to integrated pest management
- Evolution of the issue (i.e., why the issue has developed)
- Balanced perspective of the issue
- Proposed solutions to address the issue
Consensus-based Pest Management Recommendations: Consensus-based pest management recommendations can focus on one or more insect pest species, depending on the system (e.g., urban, horticultural crops, large-acre field crops) and geography that will be influenced.
- Recommendations will be written for applicability across broad geographical areas, with regional supplements as needed.
- Recommendations will be based upon the principles of integrated pest management and supported by published research and validation data when available.
- Non-authors of a manuscript should be given the opportunity to sign-on as supporters of the consensus-based recommendation, or to write a critique and different recommendation.
- Each pest management recommendation article will be considered for updating by the respective author(s) tri-annually, or more frequently if necessary, and subject to the same anonymous review process.
The order of elements for all three article types are as follows: title page; abstract and key words; introduction (no heading); article text; acknowledgments; references cited; footnotes; tables; figure legends; figures.
The introduction should clearly state the purpose of your article and the text should follow the relevant article type format as noted above, although freedom of form is allowed. Cite tables and figures in numerical order as they should appear in the text.
The title page should include the name, complete address, phone number, and e-mail address of corresponding author.
Include a running head of <65 characters, including author names. Example: Smith and Jones: Biological Control of European corn borer (no period). For more than two authors, use the senior author's name followed by et al. Example: Smith et al.: Biological Control of European corn borer (no period).
Include the article section (Profiles, Issues, or Recommendations).
The title should be concise and informative. Include either the ESA approved common name or the scientific name, but not both of the subject. Common names used in the title must be listed in the “ESA Common Names of Insects & Related Organisms,” unless justification for a non-approved name can be shown to have prior usage in the extension or scientific literature. Do not include authors of scientific names in the title. Do not capitalize the following words in the title or subheadings: a, an, and, as, at, be, by, for, in, of, on, per, to, the. Insert (Order: Family) immediately after the name of the organism.
Affiliation line includes a complete address. If appropriate, designate current addresses for all authors by numbered footnotes (superscripted numbers) placed at the bottom of the title page. Example:
1Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 W. Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506.
Include all authors' names below the title. Footnote numbers are placed outside commas in multi-authored articles.
Click here to see a sample title page.
On a separate page, provide an abstract of not more than 250 words. Indicate the scientific name and authority at first mention of a species. Do not cite references, figures, tables. Place three to five key words on a line below the abstract.
Optional foreign language abstract: All articles will have an English abstract. However, to encourage international communication, authors may include a second abstract in a language other than English. (Spanish, French, German, Russian, Portuguese, Chinese, or Japanese are accepted.) It is the author's responsibility to provide an accurate, and grammatically correct non-English version. Do not repeat the keywords.
Indicate the scientific name and authority of each species (including plants) at first mention in the text. A list of botanist authorities by author abbreviation may be found at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation
First-level headings are in initial capital letters, centered and boldfaced on their own line, and are used to divide the manuscript into major sections (e.g., Ecology, Conclusions, etc.).
Second-level headings are flush left, boldface, and are also on their own line with initial capital letters.
Third-level headings are boldfaced, paragraph indented, have initial capital letters, and are followed by a period. Third-level headings are used to divide first-level sections into smaller sections.
Fourth-level headings are italicized (but not boldfaced), paragraph indented, have initial capital letters, follow immediately after a third-level heading or start a new paragraph, and are followed by a period. Fourth-level headings are used to divide third-level sections into smaller sections.
Single Author
(Smith 1993)
Two Authors
(Smith and Jones 1993)
Multiple Citations (chronologically)
(Smith 1996, Smith et al. 1997, Jones 1998)
Multiple Publications by Same Author(s) (chronologically, then alphabetically)
(Smith et al. 1995a, 1995b, 1997; Jones 1996)
Personal Communications
(Jones 1988; L. J. Smith, personal communication). Obtain and forward (at submission) a letter of permission to use citations to personal communications (from those other than authors).
Unpublished Data
(L.J.S., unpublished data) for one author or (unpublished data) for all authors. Obtain and forward (at submission) a letter of permission to use citations to unpublished data (from those other than authors).
In Press
(Smith 1997) for in press, cite projected year of publication.
Software
(PROC GLM, SAS Institute 1999) for software user's manual.
In parentheses, provide manufacturer's name and location (city, state) and model number of relevant materials and equipment. Example: (Model 3000, LI-COR, Lincoln, NE). Use generic names when possible (e.g., self-sealing plastic bags).
Place the acknowledgments after the text. Organize acknowledgments in paragraph form in the following order: persons (omit all professional titles and degrees), groups, granting institutions, grant numbers, and serial publication number. Use “The author thanks…” or “We thank…”, not “The author would like to thank…” or “We would like to thank…”
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
Potential conflicts of interest include any relationships of a financial or personal nature between an author or coauthor and individuals or organizations within three years of submission which, in theory, could affect or bias an author’s scientific judgment, or limit an author’s freedom to publish, analyze, discuss, or interpret relevant data. Sources of financial support originating outside the coauthors’ home institution(s) for any aspect of a study must be indicated in the Acknowledgments section of the paper. Financial support includes not only funding, but gratis provision of materials, services, or equipment.
Any additional potential conflicts of interest, not covered in the acknowledgments of financial support, must be revealed to the editor at submission, and disclosed in a statement immediately following the Acknowledgments. If an author or coauthor has entered into an agreement with any entity outside that authors’ home institution, including the home institution of another coauthor, giving that entity veto power over publication of the study or over presentation, analysis, discussion, or interpretation of any results of the study, whether or not such veto power was exercised, this information must be disclosed in a statement immediately following the Acknowledgments. As a suggestion, such a statement could take the following form: “This manuscript is published with the concurrence of [Institution / Company / Individual / etc. X].“ If no potential conflicts of interest exist, this must be stated in the cover letter to the editor at submission.
Spell out full names for all references; do not abbreviate (e.g., use Journal of Economic Entomology, not J. Econ. Entomol.)
Cite only those articles published or formally accepted for publication (in press). Include all references mentioned in text. Include enough information to allow reader to obtain cited material (e.g., book and proceeding’s citations must include name and location [city and state or country] of publisher). Spell out the full name of the journal. Citations and References should not be numbered.
References Cited: Alphabetical order (chronological for one author or more than two authors, and alphabetical order [by surname of second author] for two authors). Authors and year published should be bolded.
Journal Articles
Evans, M. A. 2000. Article title: subtitle (begin with lowercase after colon or dash unless first word is a proper noun). Journal Name. 00:000–000.
Evans, M. A. 2001a. Title. Journal Name 00: 000–000.
Evans, M. A. 2001b. Title. Journal Name 00: 000–000.
Evans, M. A., and R. Burns. 2001. Title. Journal Name. 00: 000–000.
Evans, M. A., and A. Tyler. 2001. Title. Journal Name 00: 000–000.
Evans, M. A., A Tyler, and H. H. Munro. 2000. Title. Journal Name 00: 000–000.
Evans, M. A., R. Burns, and A. A. Dunn. 2001. Title. Journal Name 00: 000–000.
Peterson, R.K.D. 2009. (No spaces between initials if more than two initials).
In Press
Evans, M. A. 2002. Article title. Journal Name. (in press).
Books
Burns, R. 2001. Title: Subtitle. Publisher, City, State.
Evans, M. A. 2001. Colorado Potato Beetle, 2nd ed. Publisher, City, State or Country.
Tyler, A. 2001. Western Corn Rootworm, vol. 2. Publisher, City, State or Country.
Article/Chapter in Book
Tyler, A. 2001. Article or chapter title, pp. 000–000. In T.A.J. Royer and R. B. Burns (eds.), Book Title. Publisher, City, State or Country.
Tyler, A., R.S.T. Smith, and H. Brown. 2001. Onion thrips control, pp. 178–195. In R. S. Green and P. W. White (eds., Book Title, vol. 13. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, MD.
No Author Given
(USDA) U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2001. Title. USDA, Beltsville, MD
(IRRI) International Rice Research Institute. 2001. Title. IRRI, City, State or Country.
Patents
Harred, J. F., A. R. Knight, and J. S. McIntyre, inventors; Dow Chemical Company, assignee. 1972 Apr 4. Epoxidation process. U.S. patent 3,654,317.
Proceedings
Martin, P. D., J. Kuhlman, and S. Moore. 2001. Yield effects of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) feeding, pp. 345–356. In Proceedings, 19th Illinois Cooperative Extension Service Spray School, 24–27 June 1985, Chicago, IL. Publisher, City, State.
Rossignol, P. A. 2001. Parasite modification of mosquito probing behavior, pp. 25–28. In T. W. Scott and J. Grumstrup-Scott (eds.), Proceedings, Symposium: the Role of Vector-Host Interactions in Disease Transmission. Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America,10 December 1985, Hollywood, FL. Miscellaneous Publication 68. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, MD.
Theses/Dissertations
James, H. 2001. Thesis or dissertation title. M.S. thesis or Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Software
SAS Institute. 2001. PROC user's manual, version 6th ed. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
Online Citations
Reisen, W. 2001. Title. Complete URL (protocol://host.name/path/file.name) and/or DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
Place tables after the References Cited section. Double-space and number all tables. Boldface table title. Do not repeat data already presented in text. If a table continues on more than one page, repeat column headings on subsequent page(s).
Click here to see a sample table.
Title
Title should be short and descriptive. Boldface table number and title only. Do not footnote title; use the unlettered first footnote to include general information necessary to understand the table (e.g., define terms, abbreviations, and statistical tests).
Lines
Use horizontal lines to separate title from column headings, column headings from data field, and data field from footnotes. Do not use vertical lines to separate columns. All columns must have headings.
Abbreviations
Use the following abbreviations for months: Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec.
Operational Signs
Repeat operational signs throughout data field. Insert a space on either side of sign (1.42 ± 1.36).
Spacing
Leave no space between lowercase letters and their preceding values (e.g., 731.2ab).
Footnotes to Tables
Use footnotes to define or clarify column headings or specific datum within the data field. Do not footnote the title; use the unlettered first footnote to include general information necessary to understand the table (e.g., define terms, abbreviations, and statistical tests). The use of asterisks is reserved for statistical significance only.
Example: Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05; Student t-test [Abbott 1925]). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; NS, not significant).
Use lowercase italicized superscripted letters to indicate footnotes. Footnote letters should appear in the table in consecutive order, from left to right across the table then down the page.
Submit figures as photographs (grayscale or color), illustrations (high-quality hand or computer generated), or graphs. Figures should be of professional quality. Figure reproduction is virtually identical to what is submitted. Thus, prepare high-quality figures. Figures will not be re-lettered or re-numbered. Flaws will not be corrected, so flawed figures will be returned to the author for correction, thus lengthening the time to publication. Consult recent issues of the journal for examples.
Figures may be embedded in the manuscript text file for the initial Version 1 submission, but for accepted manuscripts of Version 2 or higher, figures must be attached as separate TIFF, EPS, or PowerPoint files.
For more information on preparing digital figures see the section on Digital Art Preparation.
For review purposes, it is acceptable to include figures, whether in black and white or color, as part of the manuscript file. Figures should be inserted in the manuscript file in one of the following formats: TIFF, EPS, WMF, or JPEG. GIF formats, such as from websites, are not acceptable and produce poor quality printouts because of low resolution, even for peer review purposes. Charts from Excel and SigmaPlot should not be inserted unless they have been converted to one of the above formats.
Figure Preparation
Figures should be submitted and sized to fit exactly the width of 1 column (3.5 in or 8.9 cm) or 2 columns (7.17 in or 18.2 cm). This will help expedite the publication process. Figures should be no longer than 9 in or 22.9 cm from top to bottom. Separate parts of the same figure must be grouped together and arranged to use space efficiently. Wherever possible, it is best to avoid using a full page for a set of illustrations. That is, authors should attempt to have each figure appear separately from the others and should consider numbering illustrations as separate figures rather than as multiple parts of the same figure.
When choosing a font size, remember that it should be large enough so that reduction to fit the journal page will not make lettering difficult to read. Final lettering size should be 8 or 9 point using the fonts Arial, Helvetica. Times New Roman, or Times Roman. Letter locants on figures composed of more than one element should match those in the text (either upper- or lowercase). Use a scale bar in lieu of magnification, and define scale in the figure caption. Figures will not be re-lettered nor will flaws be corrected.
Authors are urged to refer to our Digital Art Preparation section for detailed information and specifications for on preparing digital art. Or, contact the publications office at 301-731-4535, ext. 3020 or pubs@entsoc.org with questions concerning the preparation of artwork.
Photographs
See the Digital Art Preparation section on how to submit photographs. Remember to scan black and white photos as grayscale and not color. For color photos, use the RGB color mode. Save photos in the TIFF format.
Abbreviations and Symbols
Abbreviations and symbols in figures should match those in the text or be defined in legends.
Figure Captions
Type all captions double-spaced on a separate page. All captions should be in paragraph form as shown by the example below.
Fig. 1. Relationship between percentage of defoliation of oak trees and gypsy moth population density. (A) Defoliation and egg mass density. (B) Defoliation of egg density.
Letter locants on figures composed of more than one element should match those in the text (either upper- or lowercase).
Do not use equal signs to define abbreviations; use commas (e.g., Ap, barometric pressure).
Supplemental Material may be submitted in the form of one or more (8 maximum) files to accompany the online version of an article. Such material often consists of large tables, data sets, or videos which normally are not possible or convenient to present in print media. Supplemental Material represents substantive information to be posted on the ESA journal website that enhances and enriches the information presented in the main body of a paper. However, the paper must stand on its own without the need for the reader to access the supplemental information to understand and judge the merits of the paper.
Any files containing Supplemental Material must be provided at the time of manuscript submission, and will be distributed to reviewers as part of the normal peer-review process. Authors should alert the editor to the presence of Supplementary Material in their cover letter at submission. Once a paper is published, the content of accompanying Supplemental Material files cannot be altered. Although the content of any submitted Supplementary Material is subject to normal peer-review and any changes required by the editor, no copy editing will be performed by the journal’s production staff. Therefore, the authors are responsible for suitable format and final appearance of Supplemental Material after acceptance of the paper.
Supplemental Material should be referenced in the body of the main paper (e.g., Supp. Table S1; Supp. Video S1), where a link will take the online reader to the file. Each supplemental file must be labeled with an appropriate title and prefaced by a short (50 words maximum) summary description of the contents. Within each file, any tables, figures, videos, or other material must be accompanied by an appropriate caption. Citations for any literature referenced within a Supplemental Material file should be listed in a References Cited section at the end of the file, even when a citation is duplicated in the main body of the paper. Videos should be brief (< 5 min) and kept to a reasonable size to facilitate downloading by readers.
Do not use acronyms or abbreviations for phrases, terms, or insect, weed, or pathogen names.
Do not use apostrophes to designate plurals of abbreviations. Example: LCs, not LC’s
Do not use the term “prior to.” Use “before.”
Do not use “employ” to mean “use.” Do not say “usage” for “use.”
Do not use “compared to.” Use “compared with.”
“Instar” implies the larval stage. Therefore, a phrase such as “third-instar larvae” is redundant. Use “third instars” instead, or “third-stage larvae.” The same rule applies for nymphs.
Define the terms of a formulation abbreviation (such as EC, WP) the first time it is used in the text; then use the abbreviation. Insert a space between a numeral and the abbreviation.
The correct style for reporting active ingredients is “(AI).” Example: 1 ounce (AI)/acre.
Scientific Names, Common Names, and Other Nomenclature
Follow standard procedures for scientific nomenclature. Spell out genus and species and indicate author at first use; thereafter abbreviate the generic name to a single letter. Exception: If within a manuscript two or more genera begin with the same letter, the names of each genus should be spelled out throughout the manuscript. Use an ampersand (&) between describers’ names as per taxonomic style. Do not begin a sentence with an abbreviation for the genus name.
Do not use abbreviations or acronyms for either scientific names or common names of organisms. Do not use “medfly” for Mediterranean fruit fly, “TBW” for tobacco budworm, and so on.
When available, use ESA accepted common names of insects. Consult ESA Common Names of Insects and Related Organisms, http://www.entsoc.org/pubs/common_names. Other common names may be used, but only if the insects are identified by scientific names and an approved ESA common name does not exist.
For common names of weeds, a list of common and scientific names from the Weed Science Society of America can be found at http://www.wssa.net/Weeds/ID/WeedNames/namesearch.php. For common names of plant diseases, a list from the American Phytopathological Society can be found at http://www.apsnet.org/publications/commonnames/Pages/default.aspx.
Proper names used as adjectives are lowercase in running text (e.g., lepidopteran systematics), but they should be initial capital in a title or to begin a sentence.
Avoid abbreviations within the text. If an abbreviation is absolutely necessary, then use standard abbreviations as listed in the Council of Biology Editors' Scientific Style and Format, The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 6th ed., or those listed in this guide.
Do not use abbreviations for time; spell out instead. Use hours, minutes, seconds, years, months, weeks, and days instead of h, min, sec, yr, mon, wk, and d.
Do not capitalize the following words in titles or subheadings: a, an, and, as, at, be, by, for, in, of, on, per, to, the.
Use "Fig." if singular and "Figs." if plural (e.g., Fig. 1; Figs. 2 and 3).
Spell out numbers one through nine (10 and larger are always indicated as numerals), unless they are used with a unit of measure (e.g., eight children, three dogs, 8 grams, 3 millimeters, 0600 hours; NOT 8 children, 3 dogs, eight grams, three millimeters, or six o’clock a.m.). This includes spelling the ordinals first through ninth, as well as two-fold, one-way ANOVA, and one-half. Ordinals from 10 and larger are numerals, such as 10th or 51st. In some cases, e.g., where there is a long list of items (e.g., 8 flies, 6 mosquitoes, 4 butterflies, and 10 bees), exceptions can be made for consistency if the editor concurs. The editorial staff has the flexibility to interpret the rule.
Present dates in this format: month day year. Example: January 23, 1999.
UUse either English units (followed by metric units) or metric units (followed by English units).
Use “%” only with numerals, and close up to numerals. Example: 50%. Otherwise, use the word “percentage.” Example: percentage of defoliation.
Use “per” rather than a slash unless reporting a measurement in unit/unit. Examples: insects per branch, not insects/branch; but g/cm2, not g per cm2.
When a number is >1,000, use a comma to separate hundreds from thousands.
Use a semicolon to separate different types of citations (Fig. 4; Table 2).
It is not necessary to repeat symbols or units of measure in a series (e.g., 30, 40, and 60%, respectively).
Avoid footnotes in the text. Use unnumbered footnotes only for disclaimers and animal use information. Place all footnotes on a separate page after References Cited. Examples of footnotes are:
This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the USDA for its use.
In conducting the research described in this report, the investigators adhered to the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals," as promulgated by the Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council. The facilities are fully accredited by the American Association of Laboratory Animal Care.
